TIMOR-LESTE TRONG THẾ KỶ XXI: MỘT SỐ VẤN ĐỀ VÀ TRIỂN VỌNG
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Quá trình giành độc lập của Timor-Leste khỏi Indonesia không chỉ định hình lại cục diện toàn cầu trong thế kỷ XXI mà còn là một thực tế lịch sử chịu ảnh hưởng bởi các yếu tố bên trong và bên ngoài, trong đó đáng chú ý là vai trò hỗ trợ của Australia - một cường quốc tầm trung truyền thống. Tuy nhiên, việc Timor-Leste giành được độc lập đã đặt ra những thách thức đối với quan hệ giữa Australia và Indonesia. Dù là quốc gia kém phát triển nhất ở Đông Nam Á và đang đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn về kinh tế, Timor-Leste vẫn nuôi khát vọng vượt qua những trở ngại này sau 19 năm độc lập, hướng tới xây dựng một quốc gia thịnh vượng và vững mạnh, như được thể hiện trong Kế hoạch Phát triển Chiến lược Timor-Leste đến năm 2030. Bài viết này nhằm đánh giá các vấn đề mà Timor-Leste đang đối mặt trong thế kỷ XXI, xét trong bối cảnh điều kiện địa chính trị, tác động hậu độc lập, và những vấn đề liên quan đến hội nhập quốc tế.
Từ khóa
Timor-Leste, thế kỷ XXI, kế hoạch phát triển chiến lược, địa chính trị
Chi tiết bài viết
Tài liệu tham khảo
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Arisanto, P. T. (2020). Timor Leste’s accession to ASEAN 2011: An analysis of international factors. Dinamika Global: Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, 5, 150-170. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v5i02
ASEAN Secretariat (2025). “ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint”, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ASEAN-APSC-Blueprint-2025.pdf.
Dolven, B., Margesson, R. & Vaughn, B. (July 3, 2012). Timor-Leste: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement. CRS Report for Congress, Congressional Research Service. https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R42585/R42585.5.pdf.
Fanner, D. & Rourke, A. (August 30, 2019). East Timor independence: a short history of a long and brutal struggle - video. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2019/aug/30/east-timor-independence-a-short-history-of-a-long-and-brutal-struggle-video
Fernandes, H. & Soares, J. (May 25, 2011). Making Timor-Leste’s ASEAN Accession a People-Centric Effort. Forum Haksesuk. https://forum-haksesuk.blogspot.com/2011/05/making-timor-lestes-asean-ascension.html
Geraghty, T. (2019). Built for Extraction: Dependence, Sovereignty and Development in Timor-Leste. The University of Adelaide Department of Anthropology and Development Studies. https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/0de10d4d-e7a5-4bcc-93f0-9fbcb526243c/content.
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International Organization for Migration (2012), Ending the 2006 Internal Displacement Crisis in Timor-Leste: Between Humanitarian Aid and Transitional Justice, IOM Migration Research Series, No. 44. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mrs44_13june2012.pdf
Kammen, D. (June 22, 2017). Timor-Leste and ASEAN, Chapter 11. In The 3rd ASEAN Reader. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/3rd-asean-reader/timorleste-and-asean/4CD4A28C5AD04C562F5BE66F74BEDE1A.
Lee, J., & Yoo, M. (2022). An Analysis of the delay in Timor-Leste’s joining ASEAN. The Korean Association of Area Studies, 40(3), 161-189. https://doi.org/10.29159/kjas.40.3.6
McWilliam, A., & Leach, M. (2019). Timor-Leste: Historical Legacies and Contemporary Challenges. In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste. Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315623177-1/timor-leste-andrew-mcwilliam-michael-leach.
National Parliament (2010). Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan 2011 – 2030. https://lpr.adb.org/sites/default/files/resource/376/timor-leste-strategic-development-plan.pdf.
Office of the Historian, Shared Knowledge Services (nd). A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Timor-Leste. Bureau of Administration, United States Department of State. https://history.state.gov/countries/timor-leste.
Ortuoste, M. (2019). Timor-Leste and ASEAN. In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Timor-Leste. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315623177-22
Gwynne, R. N. (2009). Modernization Theory. In A. Kobayashi (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (pp. 163-167). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10107-6
Sambhi, N. (2019). Finding Partners: Timor-Leste’s Evolving Security Ties with Southeast Asia. The Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy. https://www.pellcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Sambhi-2019.pdf
Shaternikov, P. (2021). Challenges and Threats to ASEAN's Security on the Way to East Timor's Accession to the Association. Southeast Asia: Actual problems of Development, 4(53), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-166-175
Soares, L. D. B. (2011). Foreign Aid for State-Building: A Comparative Study of Australian and Chinese Aid Programs in Timor-Leste. [Master Thesis, Faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University]. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/acprod/odb_etd/ws/send_file/send?accession=ohiou1314039039&disposition=inline
Soares, D. E. F. (2018). Political Security Obstacles and Challenges of Timor-Leste’s ASEAN Membership. ABAC Journal, 38(2), 172-196. https://scispace.com/pdf/political-security-obstacles-and-challenges-of-timor-leste-s-w8q0iagdqn.pdf
Southgate, L. (November 2, 2015). ‘Timor-Leste bids for ASEAN membership’. Global Risk Insight. https://globalriskinsights.com/2015/11/timor-leste-bids-for-asean-membership/
State Council of the People’s Republic of China (2023). China, Timor-Leste elevate ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership. https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202309/23/content_WS650eb3a8c6d0868f4e8dfb24.html.
The Habibie Center (2016). Rethinking the Process for Timor-Leste’s Application for ASEAN Membership. ASEAN Studies Program ASEAN Briefs, The Habibie Center, 3(4), 5-6. https://habibiecenter.or.id/storage/publications/49f032c361d3412e8694b11e36358940.pdf.
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Timor Leste Report (2023). The Second Voluntary National Review Report on Progress of the Implementation of the SDGs, 2023 (VNR-2): People-centred sustainable development: Leaving no one behind, Version 2. https://hlpf.un.org/sites/default/files/vnrs/2023/VNR%202023%20Timor%20Leste%20Report.pdf
Timor-Leste Ministry of Tourism (nd). A Journey Through Timor Leste History. https://www.timorleste.tl/east-timor/about/history/
To Quoc Newspaper (September 10, 2019). Timor-Leste – the nearer to China, the farther from the ASEAN. [“Timor- Leste càng gần Trung Quốc, ASEAN càng xa Timor- Leste” in Vietnamese]. https://toquoc.vn/dong-timor-cang-gan-trung-quoc-asean-cang-xa-dong-timor-201909091134185.htm,
VOV (September 4, 2020). Why the people of Timor-Leste suddenly want to re-join into Indonesia? [“Vì sao người dân Timor Leste bất ngờ muốn tái gia nhập Indonesia?” in Vietnamese]. https://vov.vn/the-gioi/vi-sao-nguoi-dan-timor-leste-bat-ngo-muon-tai-gia-nhap-indonesia-776545.vov
Webster, D. (2017). Flowers in the Wall: Truth and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste, Indonesia, and Melanesia. University of Calgary Press Open Access Books, University of Calgary Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvf3w1x3
Yani, Y. M. & Montratama, I. (2018). Indonesia and ASEAN in 2025: A Political and Security Perspective, Dinamika Global, 3(2), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v3i02.79