PHÂN TÍCH DIỄN NGÔN PHÊ PHÁN LÀ GÌ?
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Phân tích diễn ngôn phê phán (CDA) đã trở thành một lĩnh vực liên/xuyên ngành phát triển nhanh chóng trong khoảng thời gian trên ba thập kỷ với sự đa dạng của nhiều cách tiếp cận, vận dụng các lý thuyết xã hội khác nhau. CDA được coi là thuộc về địa hạt lý thuyết xã hội phê phán. Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích tổng hợp (meta-analysis), bài viết này cung cấp một cái nhìn toàn diện hơn về CDA, tóm tắt sơ lược lịch sử phát triển của CDA, làm rõ một số khái niệm cơ bản như diễn ngôn, phê phán, quyền lực, và tư tưởng. Bài viết cũng tóm lược một số đường hướng phân tích CDA chính, và thảo luận ảnh hưởng của một số tư tưởng hậu cấu trúc luận với CDA. Có thể thấy bức tranh về CDA khá là phong phú với một số đường hướng phân tích khác nhau, sử dụng các khung lý thuyết khác nhau, song tính thần phê phán là sự kế tục tư tưởng của chủ nghĩa Marx. CDA phân tích mối quan hệ biện chứng thường bị che giấu, ẩn giữa ngôn ngữ, quyền lực và cấu trúc xã hội, và ở đó tư tưởng có vai trò phục vụ sự thực thi, duy trì, hay phản kháng quan hệ quyền lực trong xã hội. Ngôn ngữ có một vai trò vô cùng quan trọng trong việc thể hiện và kiến tạo thực tiễn xã hội, và CDA cần phải làm rõ vai trò này của ngôn ngữ. Bài viết cũng thảo luận một số thách thức, sự đánh giá đối với CDA, và xu hướng phát triển của CDA.
Chi tiết bài viết
Từ khóa
Kiến tạo xã hội, quyền lực, tư tưởng, hậu cấu trúc, tập quán/thực tiễn xã hội
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