DIỄN NGÔN HỢP TÁC VĂN HÓA - GIÁO DỤC GIỮA PHI-LÍP-PIN VÀ NHẬT BẢN TRONG CÁC TUYÊN BỐ CHUNG (NĂM 2011, 2015, 2023)

Abstract

Diplomatic texts do not merely record policy - they construct and reproduce relations of power as well. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis and the Discourse-Historical Approach, this study examines how cultural and educational cooperation is discursively constituted across three Japan-Philippines Joint Declarations (2011, 2015, 2023), analyzed through four intertextual criteria: lexical repetition, policy cross-referencing, recurrent grammatical patterns, and shared ideological framings. While the proportion of cultural and educational content in each declaration tends to be reduced by more than half and then rise slightly, nominalization density in educational and cultural content rises from 6.07% to 13.83% before falling slightly to 11.16% across the declarations. Qualitatively, a consistent discursive trajectory of establishment → naturalization → institutionalization is identified, through which Japan - Philippines power asymmetry is not reduced but progressively concealed -  from Japan as explicit grammatical agent (2011) to symmetrical collective subjects (2015), to programs-as-agents (2023). Four constitutive absences persist across all three texts, confirming a stable shared ideological framework. These findings extend soft power theory by demonstrating that soft power is inscribed through micro-level discursive choices and in program content.