A STUDY ON THE USAGE OF CHINESE DUMMY VERBS BY VIETNAMESE STUDENTS
Main Article Content
Abstract
Dummy verbs are a special subclass of modern Chinese verbs with five members, namely 加以, 给以, 予以, 给予, 进行. The results of the analysis of Vietnamese students’ Chinese interlanguage corpus by the method of Error Analysis show that Vietnamese students have started to use the verb 进行 from the primary stage, then mainly the verbs 给予, 予以, 加以 in the advanced stage, but not yet the verb 给以. Errors only appear when using the verb 进行. The main reason for the errors is the negative transfer from the native language. There are two types of errors: the verb 进行 is confused with other verbs and the verb 进行 is redundantly used. Students have no improvement in using this verb despite their improved Chinese language proficiency. Comparison with native Chinese speakers by the method of Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis shows that Vietnamese students use fewer dummy verbs than the native. It can be seen that dummy verbs are difficult language points for Vietnamese students to acquire.
Article Details
Keywords
dummy verbs, Chinese, usage, acquisition, Vietnamese students
References
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Shen, J. X., & Zhang, J. Z. (2013). Ye tan xingshi dongci de gongneng [On the grammatical function of dummy verbs in Chinese]. TCSOL Studies, (2), 8-17+23.
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Wu, X. Y. (2021). Liuxuesheng xingshi dongci “jinxing” “jiayi” xide pianwu yanjiu [A study on acquisition errors of the Chinese dummy verbs “jinxing” and “jiayi” by international students] [Master’s thesis, Northwest University]. CNKI.
Xu, F. (2002). “Jiyu” dongci de yuyi he yuyong yanjiu [A semantic and pragmatic study of “jiyu” verbs]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 34(2), 78-87.
Ying, W., & Luo, J. F. (2019). Chuzhong ji liuxuesheng xingshi dongci “jinxing” de xide yanjiu [A study on acquisition of dummy verb “jinxing” in primary and secondary foreign students]. TCSOL Studies, (4), 87-95.
Zhang, X. M. (2015). Liuxuesheng xingshi dongci xide yanjiu – Yi “jinxing” “jiayi” “jiyu” wei li [Research of foreign students dummy verb acquisition - Taking “jinxing”, “jiayi” and “jiyu” for examples] [Master’s thesis, Anhui University]. CNKI.
Zhang, X., & Zhou, L. (2012). Xiandai Hanyu xingshi dongci de yufa tezheng [Grammatical features of Modern Chinese dummy verbs]. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, (20), 24-26.
Zhou, G. (1987). Xingshi dongci de ci fenlei [Subcategories of dummy verbs]. Chinese Language Learning, (1), 11-14.
Zhou, R. (2021). Guanyu xingshi dongci “jinxing” de pianwu fenxi he jiaoxue yanjiu [An analysis of errors of dummy verb “jinxing” and teaching research] [Master’s thesis, Lanzhou University]. CNKI.
Zhou, X. B. (1987). “Jinxing” “jiayi” juxing bijiao [“Jinxing” “jiayi” sentence pattern comparison]. Chinese Language Learning, (6), 1-5.
Zhou, Y. Y. (2012). Mianxiang duiwai Hanyu jiaoxue de Xiandai Hanyu xingshi dongci yanjiu [Study on Modern Chinese dummy verbs of teaching Chinese as a foreign language] [Master’s thesis, Shenyang Normal University]. CNKI.
Corder, S. P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford University Press.
Diao, Y. B. (2004). Shi lun Xiandai Hanyu xingshi dongci de gongneng [On the functions of Modern Chinese dummy verbs]. Journal of Ningxia University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 26(3), 33-38.
Dulay, H. C., Burt, M. K., & Krashen, S. D. (1982). Language Two. Oxford University Press.
Granger, S. (1996). From CA to CIA and back: An integrated approach to computerized bilingual and learner corpora. In K. Aijmer, B. Altenberg & M. Johansson (Eds.), Languages in contrast (pp. 37-51). Lund University Press.
Granger, S. (2002). A bird’s-eye view of computer learner corpus research. In S. Granger, J. Hung, S. Petch-Tyson & J. Hulstijn (Eds.), Computer learner corpora, second language acquisition and foreign language teaching (pp. 3-33). John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.6
Huang, Z. R. (2019). Jiyu fenji zhongjieyu yuliaoku de Hanguo xuesheng xingshi dongci xide yanjiu [Research of Korean students' dummy verbs acquisition based on graded interlanguage corpus]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 55(2), 133-140.
James, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use: Exploring error analysis. Routledge.
Jiang, L. L., & Cheng, Q. (2021). Liuxuesheng xingshi dongci xide de pianwu fenxi [Analysis of international students’ error in acquiring dummy verb]. Modern Chinese, (5), 85-90.
Jiang, Z. X., & Ding, C. M. (2011). Xu yi dongci de wan ju gongneng ji tedian – yi “jinxing” wei li [On the sentence - completing function of delexical verb: A case analysis of “jinxing”]. Chinese Language Learning, (2), 83-88.
Li, G. M. (2012). Xingshi dongci jushi de biaoda gongxiao [Expressive functions of sentences with dummy verbs]. Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies, (4), 82-88.
Li, G. M. (2015). Xingshi dongci de gongxing tezheng yu geti chayi [Common features and individual differences of dummy verbs]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 48(6), 126-130.
Li, H. M., & Fang, H. H. (2016). Xingshi dongci jiegou zhong de binyu xingzhi ji qi diezhi xianxiang – Yi “jiayi” lei xingshi dongci yanjiu wei li [On the object overlapping phenomena in the functional verb structure - Verb structure with “jiayi” as a case study]. Journal of International Chinese Studies, 7(1), 111-118.
Li, L. D. (1989). Xiandai Hanyu dongci [Modern Chinese verbs]. China Social Sciences Press.
Li, W. Y. (2019). Xingshi dongci “jinxing” de pianwu fenxi yu duiwai Hanyu jiaoxue sheji [Analysis of the errors of dummy verbs “jinxing” and the design of teaching Chinese as a foreign language] [Master’s thesis, Henan University]. CNKI.
Lin, J. (2013). Xingshi dongci yanjiu ji pianwu fenxi – Yi “jiayi” he “jinxing” wei li [An analytical study on dummy verb and its biased error - Take example of “jiayi” and “jinxing”] [Master’s thesis, Fujian Normal University]. CNKI.
Liu, H. N. (2011). “Jiayi” de duoyuan cihui hua yu yufa hua [The polylexicalization and polygrammaticalization of “jiayi”]. Linguistic Sciences, 10(6), 629-639.
Lu, S. X. (1999). Xiandai Hanyu babai ci [Eight hundred words in Modern Chinese]. The Commercial Press.
Luu, H. V. (2020). Han Yue quxiang buyu duibi xide yanjiu [A comparative study of Chinese and Vietnamese directional complements and Vietnamese students’ acquisition]. Social Sciences Academic Press.
Pang, R. G. (2012). Xuhua dongci “jinxing” de renzhi yufa yanjiu [A cognitive grammar approach to dummy verb “jinxing”]. Chinese Language Learning, (4), 59-66.
Peng, D. S. (1987). Shi lun dongci “jinxing” “geiyi” yi lei dongci de binyu de xingzhi [On the properties of the objects of verbs such as “jinxing” and “geiyi”]. Jinan Journal (Philosophy & Social Sciences), (3), 70-74.
Rayson, P., & Garside, R. (2000). Comparing corpora using frequency profiling. In A. Kilgarrif & T. B. Sardinha (Eds.), Proceedings of The Workshop on Comparing Corpora (pp. 1–6). The Association for Computational Linguistics.
Ren, Y. Q. (2017). Xu yi dongci “jinxing” pianwu fenxi [The error analysis of delecial verb “jinxing”] [Master’s thesis, Jilin University]. CNKI.
Shen, J. X., & Zhang, J. Z. (2013). Ye tan xingshi dongci de gongneng [On the grammatical function of dummy verbs in Chinese]. TCSOL Studies, (2), 8-17+23.
Sun, H. L., Huang, J. P., Sun, D. J., Li, D. J., & Xing, H. B. (1996). “Xiandai Hanyu yanjiu yuliaoku xitong” gaishu [Overview of “Corpus System for Modern Chinese Studies”]. In The International Society for Chinese Language Teaching, Di wu jie guoji Hanyu jiaoxue taolun hui lunwen xuan [Selected Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Chinese Teaching] (pp. 468-475). Peking University Press.
Wu, X. Y. (2021). Liuxuesheng xingshi dongci “jinxing” “jiayi” xide pianwu yanjiu [A study on acquisition errors of the Chinese dummy verbs “jinxing” and “jiayi” by international students] [Master’s thesis, Northwest University]. CNKI.
Xu, F. (2002). “Jiyu” dongci de yuyi he yuyong yanjiu [A semantic and pragmatic study of “jiyu” verbs]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 34(2), 78-87.
Ying, W., & Luo, J. F. (2019). Chuzhong ji liuxuesheng xingshi dongci “jinxing” de xide yanjiu [A study on acquisition of dummy verb “jinxing” in primary and secondary foreign students]. TCSOL Studies, (4), 87-95.
Zhang, X. M. (2015). Liuxuesheng xingshi dongci xide yanjiu – Yi “jinxing” “jiayi” “jiyu” wei li [Research of foreign students dummy verb acquisition - Taking “jinxing”, “jiayi” and “jiyu” for examples] [Master’s thesis, Anhui University]. CNKI.
Zhang, X., & Zhou, L. (2012). Xiandai Hanyu xingshi dongci de yufa tezheng [Grammatical features of Modern Chinese dummy verbs]. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, (20), 24-26.
Zhou, G. (1987). Xingshi dongci de ci fenlei [Subcategories of dummy verbs]. Chinese Language Learning, (1), 11-14.
Zhou, R. (2021). Guanyu xingshi dongci “jinxing” de pianwu fenxi he jiaoxue yanjiu [An analysis of errors of dummy verb “jinxing” and teaching research] [Master’s thesis, Lanzhou University]. CNKI.
Zhou, X. B. (1987). “Jinxing” “jiayi” juxing bijiao [“Jinxing” “jiayi” sentence pattern comparison]. Chinese Language Learning, (6), 1-5.
Zhou, Y. Y. (2012). Mianxiang duiwai Hanyu jiaoxue de Xiandai Hanyu xingshi dongci yanjiu [Study on Modern Chinese dummy verbs of teaching Chinese as a foreign language] [Master’s thesis, Shenyang Normal University]. CNKI.