THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC RECESSION AND SUICIDE IN SOUTH KOREA IN THE PERIOD FROM 1993 TO 2016
Main Article Content
Abstract
South Korea has the highest suicide rate among OECD countries. In fact, suicide is a serious medical and social problem with a complex etiology. Its causes can be personal or social. This article clarified the relationship between economic recession and suicide in South Korea in the period from 1993 to 2016, especially the influence of gender and occupation.
Article Details
Keywords
economic recession, credit debt, suicide, employment, career
References
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Barth, A., Sögner, L., Gnambs, T., Kundi, M., Reiner, A., & Winker, R. (2011). Socioeconomic factors and suicide: An analysis of 18 industrialized countries for the years 1983 through 2007. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(3), 313-317.
Chang, Sh.-S., Gunnell, D., Sterne, J. A. C., Lu, T.-H., & Cheng, A. T. A. (2009). Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Social Science & Medicine, 68(7), 1322-1331.
Crotty, J., & Lee, K. K. (2002). Is financial liberalization good for developing nations? The case of South Korea in the 1990s. Review of Radical Political Economics, 34(3), 327-334.
Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide: A study in sociology (J. A. Spaulding & G. Simpson, Trans.). The Free Press.
Frasquilho, D., Matos, M. G., Salonna, F., Guerreiro, D., Storti, C. C., Gaspar, T., & Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. (2016). Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: A systematic literature review. BMC Public Health, 16, 115.
Han, B., Crosby, A. E., Ortega, L. A., Parks, S. E., Compton, W. M., & Gfroerer, J. (2016). Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and occupations among employed adults aged 18-64 years in the United States. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 176-186.
Hawton, K., Harriss, L., Hodder, K., Simkin, S., & Gunnell, D. (2001). The influence of the economic and social environment on deliberate self-harm and suicide: An ecological and person-based study. Psychological Medicine, 31(5), 827-836.
Hegerl, U., Rummel-Kluge, C., Värnik, A., Arensman, E., & Koburger, N. (2013). Alliances against depression – A community based approach to target depression and to prevent suicidal behaviour. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(10), 2404-2409.
Korea Statistical Information System (2018). Statistics DB. Retrieved March 25, 2019, from http://kosis.kr/eng
Madianos, M. G., Alexiou, T., Patelakis, A., & Economou, M. (2014). Suicide, unemployment and other socioeconomic factors: Evidence from the economic crisis in Greece. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 28(1), 39-49.
Milner, A., Page, A., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2014). Cause and effect in studies on unemployment, mental health and suicide: A meta-analytic and conceptual review. Psychological Medicine, 44, 909-917.
Milner, A., Spittal, M. J., Pirkis, J., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2013). Suicide by occupation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203, 409-416.
Milner, A. J., Niven, H., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2015). Occupational class differences in suicide: Evidence of changes over time and during the global financial crisis in Australia. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 223.
Landsbergis, P. A. (2010). Assessing the contribution of working conditions to socioeconomic disparities in health: A commentary. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53(2), 95-103.
Li, Zh., Page, A., Martin, G., & Taylor, R. (2011). Attributable risk of psychiatric and socio-economic factors for suicide from individual-level, population-based studies: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 72(4), 608-616.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2017). Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing.
Oyesanya, M., Lopez-Morinigo, J., & Dutta, R. (2015). Systematic review of suicide in economic recession. World Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 243-254.
Page, A., Taylor, R., Hall, W., & Carter, G. (2009). Mental disorders and socioeconomic status: Impact on population risk of attempted suicide in Australia. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(5), 471-481.
R Development Core Team. (2019). R (Version 3.4). The R Foundation. http://www.R-project.org/
Roberts, S. E., Jaremin, B., & Lloyd, K. (2013). High-risk occupations for suicide. Psychological Medicine, 43, 1231-1240.
Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A., & McKee, M. (2009). The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: An empirical analysis. Lancet, 374, 315-323.
Suh, T. W. (2001). Current situation and trends of suicidal deaths, ideas and attempts in Korea. Health and Social Welfare Review, 21(1), 157-176.
Suzuki, E., Kashima, S., Kawachi, I., & Subramanian, S. V. (2013). Social and geographical inequalities in suicide in Japan from 1975 through 2005: A census-based longitudinal analysis. PLoS ONE, 8, Article e63443.
Suzuki, E., Kashima, S., Kawachi, I., & Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Prefecture-level economic conditions and risk of suicide in Japan: A repeated cross-sectional analysis 1975-2010. European Journal of Public Health, 24(6), 949-954.
Yoon, J. -H., Jung, S. J., Choi, J., & Kang, M. -Y., (2019). Suicide trends over time by occupation in Korea and their relationship to economic downturns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11).
Yoon, J. H., Junger, W., Kim, B. W., Kim, Y. J., & Koh, S. B. (2012). Investigating the time lag effect between economic recession and suicide rates in agriculture, fisheries, and forestry workers in Korea. Safety and Health Work, 3(4), 294-297.
Yoon, J. H., Lee, K. H., Hahn, K. Y., Chang, S. J., Cha, B. S., Min, S. H., Lee, K. S., Chae, H. S., Eom, A., & Koh, S. B. (2011). Suicide trend of standardized mortality ratio and age standardized proportion mortality ratio according to occupational groups in Korea: 1993-2007. Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 23(2), 173-182.
Barth, A., Sögner, L., Gnambs, T., Kundi, M., Reiner, A., & Winker, R. (2011). Socioeconomic factors and suicide: An analysis of 18 industrialized countries for the years 1983 through 2007. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(3), 313-317.
Chang, Sh.-S., Gunnell, D., Sterne, J. A. C., Lu, T.-H., & Cheng, A. T. A. (2009). Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Social Science & Medicine, 68(7), 1322-1331.
Crotty, J., & Lee, K. K. (2002). Is financial liberalization good for developing nations? The case of South Korea in the 1990s. Review of Radical Political Economics, 34(3), 327-334.
Durkheim, E. (1897). Suicide: A study in sociology (J. A. Spaulding & G. Simpson, Trans.). The Free Press.
Frasquilho, D., Matos, M. G., Salonna, F., Guerreiro, D., Storti, C. C., Gaspar, T., & Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M. (2016). Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: A systematic literature review. BMC Public Health, 16, 115.
Han, B., Crosby, A. E., Ortega, L. A., Parks, S. E., Compton, W. M., & Gfroerer, J. (2016). Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and occupations among employed adults aged 18-64 years in the United States. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 66, 176-186.
Hawton, K., Harriss, L., Hodder, K., Simkin, S., & Gunnell, D. (2001). The influence of the economic and social environment on deliberate self-harm and suicide: An ecological and person-based study. Psychological Medicine, 31(5), 827-836.
Hegerl, U., Rummel-Kluge, C., Värnik, A., Arensman, E., & Koburger, N. (2013). Alliances against depression – A community based approach to target depression and to prevent suicidal behaviour. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37(10), 2404-2409.
Korea Statistical Information System (2018). Statistics DB. Retrieved March 25, 2019, from http://kosis.kr/eng
Madianos, M. G., Alexiou, T., Patelakis, A., & Economou, M. (2014). Suicide, unemployment and other socioeconomic factors: Evidence from the economic crisis in Greece. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 28(1), 39-49.
Milner, A., Page, A., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2014). Cause and effect in studies on unemployment, mental health and suicide: A meta-analytic and conceptual review. Psychological Medicine, 44, 909-917.
Milner, A., Spittal, M. J., Pirkis, J., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2013). Suicide by occupation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 203, 409-416.
Milner, A. J., Niven, H., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2015). Occupational class differences in suicide: Evidence of changes over time and during the global financial crisis in Australia. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 223.
Landsbergis, P. A. (2010). Assessing the contribution of working conditions to socioeconomic disparities in health: A commentary. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 53(2), 95-103.
Li, Zh., Page, A., Martin, G., & Taylor, R. (2011). Attributable risk of psychiatric and socio-economic factors for suicide from individual-level, population-based studies: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 72(4), 608-616.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2017). Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing.
Oyesanya, M., Lopez-Morinigo, J., & Dutta, R. (2015). Systematic review of suicide in economic recession. World Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 243-254.
Page, A., Taylor, R., Hall, W., & Carter, G. (2009). Mental disorders and socioeconomic status: Impact on population risk of attempted suicide in Australia. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(5), 471-481.
R Development Core Team. (2019). R (Version 3.4). The R Foundation. http://www.R-project.org/
Roberts, S. E., Jaremin, B., & Lloyd, K. (2013). High-risk occupations for suicide. Psychological Medicine, 43, 1231-1240.
Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Suhrcke, M., Coutts, A., & McKee, M. (2009). The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: An empirical analysis. Lancet, 374, 315-323.
Suh, T. W. (2001). Current situation and trends of suicidal deaths, ideas and attempts in Korea. Health and Social Welfare Review, 21(1), 157-176.
Suzuki, E., Kashima, S., Kawachi, I., & Subramanian, S. V. (2013). Social and geographical inequalities in suicide in Japan from 1975 through 2005: A census-based longitudinal analysis. PLoS ONE, 8, Article e63443.
Suzuki, E., Kashima, S., Kawachi, I., & Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Prefecture-level economic conditions and risk of suicide in Japan: A repeated cross-sectional analysis 1975-2010. European Journal of Public Health, 24(6), 949-954.
Yoon, J. -H., Jung, S. J., Choi, J., & Kang, M. -Y., (2019). Suicide trends over time by occupation in Korea and their relationship to economic downturns. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(11).
Yoon, J. H., Junger, W., Kim, B. W., Kim, Y. J., & Koh, S. B. (2012). Investigating the time lag effect between economic recession and suicide rates in agriculture, fisheries, and forestry workers in Korea. Safety and Health Work, 3(4), 294-297.
Yoon, J. H., Lee, K. H., Hahn, K. Y., Chang, S. J., Cha, B. S., Min, S. H., Lee, K. S., Chae, H. S., Eom, A., & Koh, S. B. (2011). Suicide trend of standardized mortality ratio and age standardized proportion mortality ratio according to occupational groups in Korea: 1993-2007. Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 23(2), 173-182.