ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẤU TRÚC VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA NGỮ ĐỊNH DANH CHỈ NGƯỜI CÓ YẾU TỐ “MẶT” TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT (TRONG MỐI LIÊN HỆ VỚI TIẾNG HÀN)

Abstract

This article investigates fixed expressions denoting human beings based on the structural pattern “mặt + X” in Vietnamese from both structural and semantic perspectives, while also relating them to corresponding expressions in Korean in order to clarify the naming characteristics and cognitive features of the two languages. The research data were primarily collected from Vietnamese Dictionary edited by Hoang Phe (2003). Based on the analysis of linguistic units following the “mặt + X” pattern, the study identifies the structural characteristics of this model and classifies the major semantic groups expressed by these fixed expressions. The findings indicate that the “mặt + X” pattern constitutes a distinctive group of fixed expressions in Vietnamese, commonly used to denote characteristics related to physical appearance, personality, psychological states, and social values of human beings. A comparison with Korean shows that both languages tend to employ body-part terms as cognitive bases for human naming. Nevertheless, certain differences remain in terms of semantic scope, expressive nuance, and the degree of conventionalization in usage. The study contributes to clarifying the lexical-semantic characteristics of Vietnamese and provides additional materials for Vietnamese - Korean contrastive studies from the perspective of naming.