TÌM HIỂU TỪ ĐA CHỨC NĂNG ĐỘNG TỪ - TÍNH TỪ TRONG TIẾNG HÀN

Abstract

This study analyzes the phenomenon of multifunctional words (Pumsa Tongyong) in the Korean language, focusing specifically on the Verb - Adjective category, to assist Vietnamese learners in overcoming typological language barriers. Utilizing quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis based on major Korean dictionaries, the research elucidates the morphological, semantic, and etymological characteristics of this word class. Fundamentally, these are single lexical items that maintain semantic cohesion while serving multiple syntactic roles without morphological derivation, clearly distinguishing them from homonyms. The findings indicate that the boundary between Verbs (denoting processes) and Adjectives (denoting stative conditions) is most objectively identified through their combinatorial ability with final endings, particularly present tense markers (-는다/-ㄴ다 vs -다), imperatives, and negations. Etymologically, this category encompasses native Korean single words, derivatives with -hada, and Sino-Korean roots, with statistical evidence revealing a dominant trend of shifting from process to state (Verb to Adjective). The study concludes that this is a natural cognitive linguistic phenomenon reflecting the fuzziness of categorical boundaries. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will significantly contribute to lexicographical standardization and enhance the effectiveness of Korean language pedagogy.