VAI TRÒ CỦA NGƯỜI HOA ĐỐI VỚI NỀN KINH TẾ INDONESIA DƯỚI THỜI KỲ TRẬT TỰ MỚI (1967-1998)
Nội dung chính của bài viết
Tóm tắt
Indonesia là một quốc gia đa tôn giao, đa sắc độc với hơn 300 nhóm dân tộc, trong đó người Java và người Sunda là hai nhóm dân tộc chiếm đa số, còn người Hoa là một cộng đồng thiểu số. Tuy chỉ chiếm khoảng 3% dân số, nhưng dưới thời kỳ Trật tự Mới, người Hoa lại kiểm soát khoảng 70% nền kinh tế quốc gia. Bằng cách vận dụng lý thuyết tư bản thân hữu (crony capitalism) cùng với phương pháp nghiên cứu lịch sử và nghiên cứu định tính, bài viết phân tích vai trò của người Hoa đối với nền kinh tế Indonesia dưới thời Suharto. Trên cơ sở phân tích bối cảnh kinh tế xã hội dưới thời kỳ này, bài viết làm rõ vai trò trung tâm của người Hoa trong phát triển khu vực kinh tế tư nhân và thúc đẩy hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế. Qua đó, bài viết góp phần lý giải cơ chế cộng sinh giữa nhà nước và tư bản người Hoa, đồng thời cung cấp cái nhìn toàn diện hơn về mối quan hệ giữa chính trị, kinh tế và sắc tộc trong bối cảnh Đông Nam Á đương đại.
Từ khóa
Indonesia, kinh tế, người Hoa, Trật tự Mới, Suharto.
Chi tiết bài viết
Tài liệu tham khảo
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Chua, C. (2008). Chinese big business in Indonesia: The state of capital. Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series. https://pasca.uncen.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Chinese-Big-Business-in-Indonesia-The-State-of-the-Capital-Routledge-Contemporary-Southeast-Asia-Series-Christian-Chua-Z-Library.pdf
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Frederick, W. H., & Worden, R. L. (2011). Indonesia: A country study (6th ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/frd/frdcstdy/in/indonesiacountry00fred/indonesiacountry00fred.pdf
Hill, H. (1996). The Indonesian economy since 1966: Southeast Asia’s emerging giant. Cambridge University Press. https://archive.org/details/indonesianeconom0000hill_z6y3/page/n7/mode/1up
Johansson, A. C. (2014). Political Change and the Business Elite in Indonesia. (Working Paper No. 2014:34). Stockholm School of Economics. https://swopec.hhs.se/hascer/papers/hascer2014-034.pdf
Lombard, D. (2005). Nusa Jawa: Silang budaya—Kajian sejarah terpadu (Bagian II: Jaringan Asia) [Nusa Jawa: Cross-Cultural Interactions—An Integrated Historical Study (Part II: Asian Networks)]. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. https://dn721602.ca.archive.org/0/items/NJ2JA/NusaJawa02-JaringanAsia.pdf
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https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=YmXVvnzHzZoC&pg=PA69&hl=vi&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Schwarz, A. (1994). A nation in waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s. Westview Press. https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw
Sujana, A. M., Wardah, E. S., & Alfiah, A. (2020). Etnis Tionghoa: Pluralisme dan regulasi birokrasi di Indonesia [Ethnic Chinese: Pluralism and Bureaucratic Regulation in Indonesia]. Alur Sejarah: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 4(1), 181–193. https://www.journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/alursejarah/article/view/7085/3296
Surya, F. R. (2013). Crony Capitalism as a Variable for Growth: Chinese-Indonesian Conglomerates and their Role in Indonesia’s Economic Development. The Indonesian Quarterly, 41(2), 127–150. https://journals.csis.or.id/index.php/iq/article/view/1946
Suryadinata, L. (1976). Indonesian Policies toward the Chinese Minority under the New Order. Asian Survey, 16(8), 770–787. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643578
Suryadinata, L. (1997). Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Suryadinata, L. (2008). Ethnic Chinese in Contemporary Indonesia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=UFNKQcvGNSAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Susanti, D. (2014). Paradoxes of discrimination policies and educational attainment: Chinese Indonesians in contemporary Indonesia. In C. Joseph & J. Matthews (Eds.), Equity, opportunity and education in postcolonial Southeast Asia (pp. 132-149). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315815145
Tan, M. G. (1987). The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Development: The Indonesian Case. Southeast Asian Studies, 25(3), 363–382. https://kyoto-seas.org/pdf/25/3/250304.pdf
Tan, M. G. (2008). Etnis Tionghoa Di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan [The Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: A Collection of Essays]. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Thee, K. W. (2007). Indonesia’s Economic Performance under Soeharto’s New Order. Seoul Journal of Economics, 20(2), 263-281. https://sje.ac.kr/xml/28419/28419.pdf
Tran, K. (1992). Vai trò người Hoa trong nền kinh tế các nước Đông Nam Á [The Role of Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asian Economies]. Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Southeast.
Vu, N. H. (2015, June). “Lợi ích nhóm” và “Chủ nghĩa tư bản thân hữu” - cảnh báo nguy cơ [“Interest Groups” and “Crony Capitalism”: A Warning of Potential Risks]. Communist Review. https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/en/nghien-cu/-/2018/33662/“loi-ich-nhom”-va-“chu-nghia-tu-ban-than-huu”---canh-bao-nguy-co.aspx
Chong, W. L. (2016). Rethinking the position of ethnic Chinese Indonesians. Sejarah, 25(2), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol25no2.7
Chua, C. (2008). Chinese big business in Indonesia: The state of capital. Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series. https://pasca.uncen.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Chinese-Big-Business-in-Indonesia-The-State-of-the-Capital-Routledge-Contemporary-Southeast-Asia-Series-Christian-Chua-Z-Library.pdf
Coppel, C. A., Hugh, & Mabbett, P. (1982). The Chinese in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. Minority Rights Group.
https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=1KYbEQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Dahana, A. (2000). Kegiatan awal masyarakat Tionghoa di Indonesia [Early Activities of the Chinese Community in Indonesia]. Wacana, 2(1), 54–72. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/181296-ID-kegiatan-awal-masyarakat-tionghoa-di-ind.pdf
Dawis, A. (2009). The Chinese of Indonesia and their search for identity: The relationship between collective memory and the media. Cambria Press. https://books.google.com.vn/books?hl=en&lr=&id=IUet7tl_j90C&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=info:aqtPDqJFV7cJ:scholar.google.com&ots=rgjOYyIsyB&sig=XjSOV8l_C-RFc4goYcdonjo8H1I&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Eklöf, S. (2002). Politics, business, and democratization in Indonesia. In E. T. Gomez (Ed.), Political Business in East Asia (pp. 216–249). Routledge.
Frederick, W. H., & Worden, R. L. (2011). Indonesia: A country study (6th ed.). Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/master/frd/frdcstdy/in/indonesiacountry00fred/indonesiacountry00fred.pdf
Hill, H. (1996). The Indonesian economy since 1966: Southeast Asia’s emerging giant. Cambridge University Press. https://archive.org/details/indonesianeconom0000hill_z6y3/page/n7/mode/1up
Johansson, A. C. (2014). Political Change and the Business Elite in Indonesia. (Working Paper No. 2014:34). Stockholm School of Economics. https://swopec.hhs.se/hascer/papers/hascer2014-034.pdf
Lombard, D. (2005). Nusa Jawa: Silang budaya—Kajian sejarah terpadu (Bagian II: Jaringan Asia) [Nusa Jawa: Cross-Cultural Interactions—An Integrated Historical Study (Part II: Asian Networks)]. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. https://dn721602.ca.archive.org/0/items/NJ2JA/NusaJawa02-JaringanAsia.pdf
Nguyen, Q. V. (2024). Kiểm soát “tư bản thân hữu” - sứ mệnh của công cuộc phòng, chống tham nhũng [Controlling “Crony Capitalism”: A Mission of Anti-Corruption Efforts]. Journal of Procuratorate Studies, 5(77), 11–18. https://vjol.info.vn/index.php/tks/article/view/106210/89354
Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1200 (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. https://kalamkopi.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/m-c-ricklefs-sejarah-indonesia-modern-1200.pdf
Robison, R. (1986). Indonesia: The rise of capital. Allen & Unwin. https://archive.org/details/indonesiariseofc0000robi
Robison, R., & Hadiz, V. R. (2004). Reorganising Power in Indonesia: The Politics of Oligarchy in an Age of Markets. Psychology Press.
https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=YmXVvnzHzZoC&pg=PA69&hl=vi&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rosser, A. (2002). The Politics of Economic Liberalisation in Indonesia: State Market and Power. Routledge Curzon. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781136855795_A23881710/preview-9781136855795_A23881710.pdf
Sato, Y. (2019). The Development of Business Groups in Indonesia: 1967-1989. In T. Shiraishi (Ed.), Approaching Suharto’s Indonesia from the Margins (pp. 101–153). Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501718915-006
Schwarz, A. (1994). A nation in waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s. Westview Press. https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw
Sujana, A. M., Wardah, E. S., & Alfiah, A. (2020). Etnis Tionghoa: Pluralisme dan regulasi birokrasi di Indonesia [Ethnic Chinese: Pluralism and Bureaucratic Regulation in Indonesia]. Alur Sejarah: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 4(1), 181–193. https://www.journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/alursejarah/article/view/7085/3296
Surya, F. R. (2013). Crony Capitalism as a Variable for Growth: Chinese-Indonesian Conglomerates and their Role in Indonesia’s Economic Development. The Indonesian Quarterly, 41(2), 127–150. https://journals.csis.or.id/index.php/iq/article/view/1946
Suryadinata, L. (1976). Indonesian Policies toward the Chinese Minority under the New Order. Asian Survey, 16(8), 770–787. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643578
Suryadinata, L. (1997). Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Suryadinata, L. (2008). Ethnic Chinese in Contemporary Indonesia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. https://books.google.com.vn/books?id=UFNKQcvGNSAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Susanti, D. (2014). Paradoxes of discrimination policies and educational attainment: Chinese Indonesians in contemporary Indonesia. In C. Joseph & J. Matthews (Eds.), Equity, opportunity and education in postcolonial Southeast Asia (pp. 132-149). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315815145
Tan, M. G. (1987). The Role of Ethnic Chinese Minority in Development: The Indonesian Case. Southeast Asian Studies, 25(3), 363–382. https://kyoto-seas.org/pdf/25/3/250304.pdf
Tan, M. G. (2008). Etnis Tionghoa Di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan [The Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: A Collection of Essays]. Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Thee, K. W. (2007). Indonesia’s Economic Performance under Soeharto’s New Order. Seoul Journal of Economics, 20(2), 263-281. https://sje.ac.kr/xml/28419/28419.pdf
Tran, K. (1992). Vai trò người Hoa trong nền kinh tế các nước Đông Nam Á [The Role of Ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asian Economies]. Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Southeast.
Vu, N. H. (2015, June). “Lợi ích nhóm” và “Chủ nghĩa tư bản thân hữu” - cảnh báo nguy cơ [“Interest Groups” and “Crony Capitalism”: A Warning of Potential Risks]. Communist Review. https://www.tapchicongsan.org.vn/en/nghien-cu/-/2018/33662/“loi-ich-nhom”-va-“chu-nghia-tu-ban-than-huu”---canh-bao-nguy-co.aspx