A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF MODALITY IN THE VIETNAMESE LAW ON ENTERPRISES AND THE SINGAPORE COMPANIES ACT FROM SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper conducts a contrastive analysis of Modality in the Vietnamese Law on Enterprises and the Singapore Companies Act from Systemic Functional Grammar. Specifically, the article analyses Modalization and Modulation in terms of Probability, Usuality, Obligation and Inclination. The study showed that both Modalization and Modulation have been employed in order to realize Modality system in two surveyed legal texts. Additionally, both legal texts employed the large number of Finite modal operators to realize Obligation in Modulation. However, the Singapore Companies Act tends to employ more Finite modal operators when expressing Modality. Besides, the Vietnamese Law on Enterprises employed more high modal operators in expression of Obligation than the Singapore Companies Act.
Article Details
Keywords
Discourse Analysis, Interpersonal Meaning, Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), autobiographical narrative, professional journey, professional growth, learning English, teaching English, applied linguistics, the legal texts
References
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Bhatia, V. K. (1993). Analysing genre: Language use in professional settings. Longman.
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Bhatia, V. K. (2004). Worlds of written discourse: A genre-based view. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Bhatia, V. K., Candlin, C. N., & Engberg, J. (Eds.). (2008). Legal discourse across cultures and systems (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press.
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Chen, X., & Li, X. (2019). Discourse analysis of police-foreigner conversations. Social Sciences Academic Press.
Conley, J. M., O'Barr, W. M., & Riner, R. C. (2019). Just words: Law, language, and power (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Cruz, S., & Pariña, J. C. M. (2015, March). Legal English in court resolutions: A stylistic analysis. Paper presented at the DLSU Research Congress, Manila, Philippines.
Dohaei, M., & Ketabi, S. (2015). A discourse analysis of coffee and chocolate print advertisements: Persian EFL learners' problems in focus. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3 S1), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p220
Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to systemic functional linguistics (2nd ed.). Continuum.
Fundell, T. (2008). Ideational function and lexical repetition in three American presidential speeches. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Discourse Analysis.
Goatly, A. (2004). Corpus linguistics, systemic functional grammar and literary meaning: A critical analysis of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies, 46, 115-154. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2004n46p115
Goodrich, P. (1987). Legal discourse: Studies in linguistics, rhetoric and legal analysis. Macmillan.
Gustafsson, M. (1975). Some syntactic properties of English law language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1998). An introduction to functional grammar (V. V. Hoang, Trans.). Edward Arnold.
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Hoang, V. V. (2006). The meaning and structure of a science fiction story: A systemic functional analysis. VNU Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 11-21.
Kazemian, B., & Hashemi, S. (2014). Critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama's 2012 speeches: Views from systemic functional linguistics and rhetoric. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(6), 1178-1187. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.4.6.1178-1187
Khoyi, A. M., & Behnam, B. (2014). Discourse of law: Analysis of cooperative principles and speech acts in Iranian law courts. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning, 2(4), 231-238.
Krapivkina, O. A. (2017). Semantics of the verb "shall" in legal discourse. Jezikoslovlje, 18(2), 305-317.
Le, C., King-kui, S., & Ying-Long, Z. (2008). Contrastive analysis of Chinese and American court judgments. US-China Law Review, 5(3), 56-66.
Mardiyanto, A. (2009). An analysis of register and genre in the e-advertisement text of Novus Bali Villas Resort & Spa and Novus Puncak Resort & Spa published in their websites (Based on systemic functional linguistics) (Unpublished master's thesis). Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2013). Towards a functional grammar. In M. A. K. Halliday & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen (Eds.), Halliday's introduction to functional grammar (4th ed., pp. 76-105). Routledge.
Mellinkoff, D. (1963). The language of the law. Little, Brown and Company.
Quirk, R., & Crystal, D. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. Longman.
Singapore Companies Act. (2018). The Singapore Companies Act. Government of Singapore.
Swales, J. M., & Bhatia, V. K. (1983). An approach to the linguistic study of legal documents. Fachsprache, 5(3), 98-108.
Silvana Sinara, T., Thyrhaya Zein, T., & Nurlela, N. (2020). The interpersonal meaning in courtroom discourse: A systemic functional analysis. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(10), 241-257.
Thompson, G. (2013). Introducing functional grammar (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Tiersma, P. M., & Solan, L. M. (Eds.). (2012). The Oxford handbook of language and law. Oxford University Press.
Trosborg, A. (1997). Rhetorical strategies in legal language: Discourse analysis of statutes and contracts (Vol. 424). Gunter NarrVerlag.
Vietnam National Assembly. (2020). The Law on Enterprise. Government of Vietnam.
Yan, L. (2015). The systemic functional approach to the legal text. In Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Law, Language and Discourse (pp. 76-85).
Bhatia, V. K. (1983a). An applied discourse analysis of English legislative writing. Language Studies Unit, University of Aston in Birmingham.
Bhatia, V. K. (1983b). An applied discourse analysis of English legislative writing (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Aston, Birmingham, UK.
Bhatia, V. K. (1993). Analysing genre: Language use in professional settings. Longman.
Bhatia, V. K. (1994). Cognitive structuring in legislative provisions. In J. Gibbons (Ed.), Language and the law (pp. 136-155). Longman.
Bhatia, V. K. (2004). Worlds of written discourse: A genre-based view. Continuum International Publishing Group.
Bhatia, V. K., Candlin, C. N., & Engberg, J. (Eds.). (2008). Legal discourse across cultures and systems (Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press.
Cao, X. H. (1998). Tiếng Việt-mấy vấn đề ngữ âm, ngữ pháp, ngữ nghĩa.[Vietnamese Language-Some Issues about Phonology, Grammar, Meaning]. Vietnam Education Publishing House.
Chen, X., & Li, X. (2019). Discourse analysis of police-foreigner conversations. Social Sciences Academic Press.
Conley, J. M., O'Barr, W. M., & Riner, R. C. (2019). Just words: Law, language, and power (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Cruz, S., & Pariña, J. C. M. (2015, March). Legal English in court resolutions: A stylistic analysis. Paper presented at the DLSU Research Congress, Manila, Philippines.
Dohaei, M., & Ketabi, S. (2015). A discourse analysis of coffee and chocolate print advertisements: Persian EFL learners' problems in focus. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(3 S1), 220-225. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s1p220
Eggins, S. (2004). An introduction to systemic functional linguistics (2nd ed.). Continuum.
Fundell, T. (2008). Ideational function and lexical repetition in three American presidential speeches. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Discourse Analysis.
Goatly, A. (2004). Corpus linguistics, systemic functional grammar and literary meaning: A critical analysis of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Ilha do Desterro: A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies, 46, 115-154. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2004n46p115
Goodrich, P. (1987). Legal discourse: Studies in linguistics, rhetoric and legal analysis. Macmillan.
Gustafsson, M. (1975). Some syntactic properties of English law language (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1998). An introduction to functional grammar (V. V. Hoang, Trans.). Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. (2012). An introduction to functional grammar (V. V. Hoang, Trans., 2nd ed.). Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2004). An introduction to functional grammar (3rd ed.). Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). An introduction to functional grammar (4th ed.). Routledge.
Hoang, V. V. (2002). Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của cú tiếng Việt mô tả theo quan điểm chức năng hệ thống [An Experiential Grammar of the Vietnamese Clause From Systemic Functional Perspective]. Social Science Publishing House.
Hoang, V. V. (2006). The meaning and structure of a science fiction story: A systemic functional analysis. VNU Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 11-21.
Kazemian, B., & Hashemi, S. (2014). Critical discourse analysis of Barack Obama's 2012 speeches: Views from systemic functional linguistics and rhetoric. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 4(6), 1178-1187. https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.4.6.1178-1187
Khoyi, A. M., & Behnam, B. (2014). Discourse of law: Analysis of cooperative principles and speech acts in Iranian law courts. Asian Journal of Education and e-Learning, 2(4), 231-238.
Krapivkina, O. A. (2017). Semantics of the verb "shall" in legal discourse. Jezikoslovlje, 18(2), 305-317.
Le, C., King-kui, S., & Ying-Long, Z. (2008). Contrastive analysis of Chinese and American court judgments. US-China Law Review, 5(3), 56-66.
Mardiyanto, A. (2009). An analysis of register and genre in the e-advertisement text of Novus Bali Villas Resort & Spa and Novus Puncak Resort & Spa published in their websites (Based on systemic functional linguistics) (Unpublished master's thesis). Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.
Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2013). Towards a functional grammar. In M. A. K. Halliday & C. M. I. M. Matthiessen (Eds.), Halliday's introduction to functional grammar (4th ed., pp. 76-105). Routledge.
Mellinkoff, D. (1963). The language of the law. Little, Brown and Company.
Quirk, R., & Crystal, D. (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English language. Longman.
Singapore Companies Act. (2018). The Singapore Companies Act. Government of Singapore.
Swales, J. M., & Bhatia, V. K. (1983). An approach to the linguistic study of legal documents. Fachsprache, 5(3), 98-108.
Silvana Sinara, T., Thyrhaya Zein, T., & Nurlela, N. (2020). The interpersonal meaning in courtroom discourse: A systemic functional analysis. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(10), 241-257.
Thompson, G. (2013). Introducing functional grammar (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Tiersma, P. M., & Solan, L. M. (Eds.). (2012). The Oxford handbook of language and law. Oxford University Press.
Trosborg, A. (1997). Rhetorical strategies in legal language: Discourse analysis of statutes and contracts (Vol. 424). Gunter NarrVerlag.
Vietnam National Assembly. (2020). The Law on Enterprise. Government of Vietnam.
Yan, L. (2015). The systemic functional approach to the legal text. In Proceedings of The Fifth International Conference on Law, Language and Discourse (pp. 76-85).