Nóng, ấm, mát and lạnh in Vietnamese and hot, warm, cool and cold in English: A Comparative Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: This article attempts to explore the main features of four adjectives of temperature nóng, ấm, mát, and lạnh in Vietnamese and four corresponding adjectives of temperature hot, warm, cool, and cold in English and to contrast some of their main uses in order to illuminate an important experiential domain of language which is close to the living of man, but does not seem to have received adequate attention in Vietnamese-English contrastive linguistics, in translation studies, and in teaching English as a second/foreign language in Vietnam.
Article Details
Keywords
Keywords: Adjectives of temperature, agreeable, disagreeable, spectrum, sequence.
References
[1] Halliday, M. A. K., Categories of the Theory of Grammar, Words, 17. No. 3, 1961.
[2] Hasan, R., Grammarian’s Dream. (In) New Developments in Systemic Linguistics. Volume I, Theory and Description. Halliday, M. A. K. & R. P. Fawcett (eds.). London: Francis Pinter Ltd., 1987.
[3] Halliday, M. A. K., Language Structure and Language Function. (In) New Horizons in Linguistics. Lyons, J. (Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
[4] Halliday, M. A. K., Language as Social Semiotic: The Interpretation of Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.
[5] Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers, 1995.
[6] Hasan, R & G. Perrett, Learning to Function with the Other Tongue: A Systemic Functional Perspectives on Second Language Teaching. (In) Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar. Odlin, T. (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[7] Halliday, M. A. K. & C. I. M. Matthiessen (1999). Construing Experience through Meaning: A Language-based Approach to Cognition. London and New York: Cassell.
[8] Whorf, L. B., Language, Thought & Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Carroll, B. J. (Ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1956.
[9] Shen, Y., Experience classification and linguistic distribution. Language Learning, 10.1–13, 1960.
[10] Prator, C. N., Adjectives of Temperature. (In) Teaching English Language as a Second Language. 158–64, 1965.
[11] Koptjevskaja-Tam, M. & E. V. Rakhilina (no date). "Some like it hot". On the semantics of temperature adjectives in Russian and Swedish. Retrieved from www2.lingfil.uu.se/afro/…/art1-koptjT-rakhilina.pdf
[12] Hoàng Phê (Chủ biên), Từ điển tiếng Việt. Hà Nội – Đã Nẵng: Đà Nẵng, 1998.
[13] Tô Văn Sơn, Nguyễn Văn Liên & Phạm Lửa Vũ Hạ, Từ điển Anh - Việt. Hà Nội: Giáo dục, 1996.
[14] Lê Khả Kế, Từ điển Anh – Việt. Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội, 1997.
[15] Bùi Phụng, Từ điển Việt – Anh. Hà Nội: Thế giới, 2000.
[16] Đặng Chấn Liêu, Lê Khả Kế & Phạm Duy Trọng, Từ điển Việt – Anh. Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2000.
[17] Chaika, E., Language – The Social Mirror. Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning, 2008.
[18] Leech, J., Semantics. Victoria, Australia: Penguin Books, 1974.
[19] Hensel, H., Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation. London: Academic Press, 1981.
[20] Akhmanova, O. & R. F. Idzelis, What is the English We Use? - A Course in Practical Stylistics. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. 1978.
[21] Sweet, H., The Practical Study of Languages: A Guide for Teachers and Learners. London: J. M. Dent & Co, 1899.
[22] Lado, R., Linguistics across Cultures. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1957.
[23] James, C., Constrastive Analysis. London: Longman, 1980.
[24] Lê Quang Thiêm, Nghiên cứu đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ (in lại có bổ sung). Hà Nội: Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, 2004.
[2] Hasan, R., Grammarian’s Dream. (In) New Developments in Systemic Linguistics. Volume I, Theory and Description. Halliday, M. A. K. & R. P. Fawcett (eds.). London: Francis Pinter Ltd., 1987.
[3] Halliday, M. A. K., Language Structure and Language Function. (In) New Horizons in Linguistics. Lyons, J. (Ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
[4] Halliday, M. A. K., Language as Social Semiotic: The Interpretation of Language and Meaning. London: Edward Arnold, 1978.
[5] Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. Tokyo: International Language Sciences Publishers, 1995.
[6] Hasan, R & G. Perrett, Learning to Function with the Other Tongue: A Systemic Functional Perspectives on Second Language Teaching. (In) Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar. Odlin, T. (Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[7] Halliday, M. A. K. & C. I. M. Matthiessen (1999). Construing Experience through Meaning: A Language-based Approach to Cognition. London and New York: Cassell.
[8] Whorf, L. B., Language, Thought & Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Carroll, B. J. (Ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1956.
[9] Shen, Y., Experience classification and linguistic distribution. Language Learning, 10.1–13, 1960.
[10] Prator, C. N., Adjectives of Temperature. (In) Teaching English Language as a Second Language. 158–64, 1965.
[11] Koptjevskaja-Tam, M. & E. V. Rakhilina (no date). "Some like it hot". On the semantics of temperature adjectives in Russian and Swedish. Retrieved from www2.lingfil.uu.se/afro/…/art1-koptjT-rakhilina.pdf
[12] Hoàng Phê (Chủ biên), Từ điển tiếng Việt. Hà Nội – Đã Nẵng: Đà Nẵng, 1998.
[13] Tô Văn Sơn, Nguyễn Văn Liên & Phạm Lửa Vũ Hạ, Từ điển Anh - Việt. Hà Nội: Giáo dục, 1996.
[14] Lê Khả Kế, Từ điển Anh – Việt. Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội, 1997.
[15] Bùi Phụng, Từ điển Việt – Anh. Hà Nội: Thế giới, 2000.
[16] Đặng Chấn Liêu, Lê Khả Kế & Phạm Duy Trọng, Từ điển Việt – Anh. Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2000.
[17] Chaika, E., Language – The Social Mirror. Boston: Heinle Cengage Learning, 2008.
[18] Leech, J., Semantics. Victoria, Australia: Penguin Books, 1974.
[19] Hensel, H., Thermoreception and Temperature Regulation. London: Academic Press, 1981.
[20] Akhmanova, O. & R. F. Idzelis, What is the English We Use? - A Course in Practical Stylistics. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. 1978.
[21] Sweet, H., The Practical Study of Languages: A Guide for Teachers and Learners. London: J. M. Dent & Co, 1899.
[22] Lado, R., Linguistics across Cultures. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1957.
[23] James, C., Constrastive Analysis. London: Longman, 1980.
[24] Lê Quang Thiêm, Nghiên cứu đối chiếu các ngôn ngữ (in lại có bổ sung). Hà Nội: Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, 2004.