On the basis of reference to the identity theory of Constructivism, the article first outlines the formation of China’s two hegemonic and expansionist identities. Next, the article points out challenges generated by China’s expansionist and hegemonic identity to Russia such as: Reclaiming or occupying parts of Russia’s territory; Invading parts of the territory of Russia’s strategic partner countries; Increasing influence over countries that are backyards or partners of Russia; and Increasing Russia’s dependence. Finally, the article makes assumptions about Russia’s choices as well as their consequences, including: (1) Against Chinese power. This choice will make Russia face the enemy on all sides; (2) Balancing with China. This choice is difficult in the short term, but in the long term, it will help Russia preserve its power and position as a great power; and (3) Reluctantly accepting China’s behavior. This option keeps Russia - China relations warm in the short term, but in the long term it will cause Russia to lose power, become small and dependent, and possibly even victimized by Chinese identity.