EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING MOTIVATION: A STUDY ON EFL UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT A VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITY
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and language learning motivation among EFL undergraduate students at Hanoi University, a public higher education institution in Hanoi, Vietnam. The findings revealed a positive correlation between intercultural sensitivity and language learning motivation as EFL students had high levels of both factors, yet students seemed to lack confidence in intercultural communication. It is suggested that the teacher should communicate with EFL students about the importance of intercultural communicative competence, intercultural sensitivity, and language learning motivation. Besides, the course on intercultural sensitivity should also be embedded in the curriculum.
Article Details
Keywords
intercultural sensitivity, language learning motivation, intercultural communicative competence, EFL, L2
References
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Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED447525.pdf
Dao, T. D. L., & Do, N. Q. (2019). The awareness of students at the University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University towards intercultural communicative competence. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 35(5), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4423
Deardorff, D. K. (2014). Some thoughts on assessing intercultural competence. University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment (NILOA). https://niloaweb.sitehost.iu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Viewpoint-Deardorff.pdf
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Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
Johnson, A. (2001). Privilege, power and difference. McGraw-Hill.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-6.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
Mirzaei, A., & Forouzandeh, F. (2013). Relationship between intercultural communicative competence and L2-learning motivation of Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 42(3), 300-318. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17475759.2013.816867
Paige, R. M., Jorstad, H. L., Siaya, L., Klein, F., & Colby, J. (2003). Culture learning in language education: A review of the literature. In D. L. Lange, R. M. Paige (Vol. Eds.) & J. H. Sullivan (Series Ed.), Culture as the core: Perspectives on culture in second language learning (pp. 173-236). Information Age Publishing.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual. Allen & Unwin.
Reynolds, S. & Valentine, D. (2004). Guide to cross-cultural communication. PEARSON Prentice Hall.
Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (1991). Communication between cultures. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. C. (2012). Understanding intercultural communication. Oxford University Press.
Tran, T. Q., & Seepho, S. (2016). EFL learners' attitudes toward intercultural communicative language teaching and their intercultural communicative competence development. Journal of English Studies, 11, 1-40.
Tsai, Y. (2012). The effects of intercultural learning on English learning motivation among students study abroad. New Horizons in Education, 60(1), 23-33.
Vaezi, Z. (2008). Language learning motivation among Iranian undergraduate students. World Applied Sciences Journal, 5(1), 54-61.
Vu, N. T. (2020). A case study of constructivist learning and intercultural communicative competence in English-majoring pre-service teachers. Journal of English as an International Language, 15(2), 52-76.
Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Education Psychology, 71(1), 3-25.
Wiseman, R. L. (2002). Intercultural communication competence. In W. B. Gudykunst & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 207-224). Sage.
Yunlong, H. (2014). Constructing intercultural communicative competence framework for English learners. Cross-Cultural Communication, 10(1), 97-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.ccc.1923670020141001.3970
Bennett, J. M., & Bennett, M. J. (2004). Developing intercultural sensitivity: An integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. In D. Landis, J. M. Bennett, & M. J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of intercultural training (pp. 147-165). Sage.
Bennett, M. J. (1984). Towards ethnorelativism - A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity [Paper presentation]. Annual Conference of the Council on International Exchange, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Bennett, M. J. (1997). How not to be a fluent fool: Understanding the cultural dimension of language. In A. E. Fantini (Vol. Ed.) & J. C. Richards (Series Ed.), New ways in teaching culture (New ways in TESOL series II: Innovative classroom techniques) (pp. 16-21). TESOL.
Brown, H. D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (Vol. 4). Longman.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1996). Intercultural communication competence: A synthesis. Annals of the International Communication Association, 19(1), 353-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1996.11678935
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (1998). Foundations of intercultural communication (2nd ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED447525.pdf
Dao, T. D. L., & Do, N. Q. (2019). The awareness of students at the University of Languages and International Studies, Vietnam National University towards intercultural communicative competence. VNU Journal of Foreign Studies, 35(5), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.25073/2525-2445/vnufs.4423
Deardorff, D. K. (2014). Some thoughts on assessing intercultural competence. University of Illinois and Indiana University, National Institute for Learning Outcomes Assessment (NILOA). https://niloaweb.sitehost.iu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Viewpoint-Deardorff.pdf
Dörnyei, Z. (2001). New themes and approaches in L2 motivation research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21(1), 43-59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190501000034
Dörnyei, Z. (2009). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31(3), 117-135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S026/S026144480001315X
Gardner, R. C. (2001a). Integrative motivation and second language acquisition. In Z. Dornyei, & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 1-19). Honolulu, Ltd.
Gardner, R. C. (2001b, March 23-24). Learning language motivation: The student, the teacher, and the researcher [Keynote address]. Texas Foreign Language Education Conference, Austin, TX, United States.
Gardner, R. C., & Lambert, W. E. (1972). Attitudes and motivation in second language learning. Rowley.
Gawel, J. E. (1996). Herzberg's theory of motivation and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 5(1), 11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7275/31qy-ea53
Gilakjani, A. P., Lai-Mei, L., & Sabouri, N. B. (2012). A study on the role of motivation in foreign language learning and teaching. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 4(7), 9-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2012.07.02
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. (1991). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. McGraw-Hill.
Johnson, A. (2001). Privilege, power and difference. McGraw-Hill.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-6.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper and Row.
Mirzaei, A., & Forouzandeh, F. (2013). Relationship between intercultural communicative competence and L2-learning motivation of Iranian EFL learners. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 42(3), 300-318. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17475759.2013.816867
Paige, R. M., Jorstad, H. L., Siaya, L., Klein, F., & Colby, J. (2003). Culture learning in language education: A review of the literature. In D. L. Lange, R. M. Paige (Vol. Eds.) & J. H. Sullivan (Series Ed.), Culture as the core: Perspectives on culture in second language learning (pp. 173-236). Information Age Publishing.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survival manual. Allen & Unwin.
Reynolds, S. & Valentine, D. (2004). Guide to cross-cultural communication. PEARSON Prentice Hall.
Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (1991). Communication between cultures. Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. C. (2012). Understanding intercultural communication. Oxford University Press.
Tran, T. Q., & Seepho, S. (2016). EFL learners' attitudes toward intercultural communicative language teaching and their intercultural communicative competence development. Journal of English Studies, 11, 1-40.
Tsai, Y. (2012). The effects of intercultural learning on English learning motivation among students study abroad. New Horizons in Education, 60(1), 23-33.
Vaezi, Z. (2008). Language learning motivation among Iranian undergraduate students. World Applied Sciences Journal, 5(1), 54-61.
Vu, N. T. (2020). A case study of constructivist learning and intercultural communicative competence in English-majoring pre-service teachers. Journal of English as an International Language, 15(2), 52-76.
Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Education Psychology, 71(1), 3-25.
Wiseman, R. L. (2002). Intercultural communication competence. In W. B. Gudykunst & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of international and intercultural communication (2nd ed., pp. 207-224). Sage.
Yunlong, H. (2014). Constructing intercultural communicative competence framework for English learners. Cross-Cultural Communication, 10(1), 97-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.ccc.1923670020141001.3970